Stanford Healthcare Sunnyvale, California, United States
Background/Case Studies: Introduction: Understanding the distribution of ABO and Rh(D) blood groups and corresponding gene frequencies is crucial for effective blood bank management and ensuring the availability of compatible blood units. While several regional studies have been conducted in Egypt, there remains a gap in data representing Upper Egypt, particularly within hospital-based donor centers.
Objective: This study aims to assess the phenotypic distribution of ABO and Rh(D) blood groups and estimate the allele frequencies among voluntary donors at the Shifa Al-Orman Hospital Blood Donation Center in Upper Egypt. The data will contribute to regional transfusion strategies and genetic studies.
Study
Design/Methods: Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using blood typing records of 15,274 voluntary donors collected over a 3-year period. Standard serological methods were used to determine ABO and Rh(D) blood types. Gene frequencies were estimated using the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
Results/Findings: Results: Among the 15,274 donors, the most common blood group was O+ with 5,464 donors (35.8%), followed by A+ with 4,438 donors (29.0%), B+ with 3,114 donors (20.4%), and AB+ with 870 donors (5.7%). Rh-negative blood groups included O− with 558 donors (3.7%), A− with 444 donors (2.9%), B− with 318 donors (2.1%), and AB− with 68 donors (0.4%). Overall, 14,886 donors (91.2%) were Rh-positive, while 1,388 donors (8.8%) were Rh-negative.
Estimated ABO allele frequencies were: O allele at 63.7%, A allele at 22.2%, and B allele at 14.1%. Based on Hardy-Weinberg calculations, the estimated genotype frequencies were as follows: homozygous OO at approximately 40.6%, homozygous AA at 4.9%, and homozygous BB at 2.0%. The heterozygous genotypes included AO at 28.3%, BO at 18.0%, and AB at 6.2%.
Conclusions: Conclusion: O+ was the most prevalent blood group, followed by A+ and B+, consistent with national and global trends. The findings offer valuable insight into regional blood group distribution, which can enhance donor recruitment strategies and improve transfusion compatibility in Upper Egypt. This data is also essential for genetic and anthropological research and may inform national blood policy development.
